Dissipation Kinetics, Biodegradation, and Health Risk Assessment of Formetanate Hydrochloride in Pepper Under Field Conditions

Abstract This study investigates the dissipation kinetics, biodegradation, and health risk assessment of formetanate hydrochloride (FMT) in pepper under field conditions. Utilizing LC–MS/MS, the degradation behavior of FMT was analyzed, revealing significant residue reduction when bacterial strains were applied. The bacteria mix treatment exhibited the most effective residue dissipation, reducing health risks by minimizing both chronic and acute exposure. Climatic factors such as humidity and temperature significantly influenced the dissipation rates, emphasizing the need for localized residue management strategies. The study underscores the potential of microbial treatments as eco-friendly solutions for managing pesticide residues, promoting food safety, and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. Further research should explore FMT dynamics in diverse crops and environmental conditions to optimize pesticide management frameworks.