Problems of underground utility marking and methods for their solution

This study examines RFID tags for underground utility marking, considering signal propagation characteristics in soil. Calculations and numerical modeling of inductance coils used in low-frequency RFID tags were conducted. A three-layer coil was considered as the baseline, and a novel combined design with cylindrical and spiral windings was proposed. The calculations and modeling confirmed its advantages in terms of inductance and quality factor, making it a promising option for application.