Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Adults In Puducherry

A BSTRACT Background: In India, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emerging burden that is increasing in accord with the rural areas due to the changing lifestyles and inaccessible health centers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural adults in Puducherry. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 150 adults visiting the outpatients of a government hospital in Puducherry. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, risk factors, diabetes symptoms, and self-reported diagnosis. Random blood glucose testing was performed for undiagnosed participants reporting symptoms. Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of T2DM was 47.3%, with 38.7% previously diagnosed and 8.7% newly identified through symptom screening and blood glucose testing. Major risk factors included physical inactivity (56%), family history of diabetes (51.3%), obesity (20.7%), hypertension (40.7%), tobacco use (28%), and inadequate sleep (38%). Psychosocial stress and unhealthy dietary patterns were also common. Conclusion: This study shows that it is essential to implement community-based screening, organized lifestyle interventions, and risk-factor education program to reduce the prevalence of diabetes in rural communities.