Myelodysplastic syndrome and systemic diseases: True association or simply a coincidence? A report of 3 cases

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenias. Recent studies suggest an association between autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and MDS, although the exact nature of this link remains uncertain. This review explores potential underlying mechanisms, particularly the involvement of immune dysregulation, with a focus on interleukin-6. Additionally, the role of immunosuppressive treatments, such as methotrexate, in the development of MDS is discussed. When refractory cytopenia occurs in patients with AID, it is crucial to consider the diagnosis of MDS to optimize patient management. A better understanding of this relationship could improve both prognosis and treatment approaches.