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This research aims to assess the variability and climatic factors influencing reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in Saudi Arabia.

Spatiotemporal variability and climatic determinants of reference evapotranspiration in Saudi Arabia

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Climate analysis reveals significant evapotranspiration trends in Saudi Arabia, indicating implications for irrigation management.

This research aims to assess the variability and climatic factors influencing reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in Saudi Arabia.
Estimated daily ET0 using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method.
Conducted trend analysis using Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator.
Analyzed data from 25 meteorological stations between 2000 and 2024.
Majority of stations showed significant increasing trends in ET0, especially in summer.
Wadi Al-Dawasser, Sharorah, and Najran had the strongest upward trends with Sen's slope values exceeding 4 mm per month.
Mean relative humidity was the most impactful climatic driver, affecting 27.2% of ET0 variability.

Fawaz Alzabari (2026) studied this question.

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