In an era defined by rapid globalization and increasing interdependence of economies, the efficiency and transparency of international trade procedures have become vital determinants of competitiveness. Export-import documentation, traditionally characterized by voluminous paperwork, complex regulatory procedures, and high transaction costs, has long been recognized as a barrier to trade facilitation. With the advent of digitalization and the progressive implementation of e-governance, the landscape of global trade is undergoing a transformative shift. Findings reveal that digitalization and e-governance have not only accelerated cargo clearance and minimized procedural bottlenecks but also fostered greater transparency, reducing the scope for corruption and human error. However, challenges remain in the form of fragmented infrastructure, regulatory inconsistencies, and resistance to technological adaptation. The study highlights the pressing need for continuous legislative reforms, infrastructural investment, workforce training, and cross-border interoperability to sustain momentum in trade facilitation.
Hassan et al. (Sun,) studied this question.