Immunohistochemical Localization for Osteopontin on Healing Process of Intra-Bony Defect Treated by Royal Jelly and Mangosteen in Rats

Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is a noncollagenous glycoprotein that is, extensively phosphorylated and glycosylated and is found in mineralized tissues. It is produced and expressed by a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts and osteocytes. Objectives: The goal is to examine the immunohistochemical presence of osteopontin in defect areas of new bone formation and remodeling to investigate how local applications of royal jelly and mangosteen, separately and together, affect bone healing. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two albino male rats were used in this study. Intra-bony defects were created in both the right and left femur bones of each rat, and the bone defect was left to heal normally without treatment in the control group. At the same time, the experimental groups were treated with local applications of royal jelly and mangosteen peel extract powder, both separately and in combination. An immunohistochemical study was performed in all groups. Results: The immunohistochemical examination of osteopontin by stromal and bone cells shows a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The results of this study show that osteopontin is capable of bone formation and remodeling.