Longitudinal impact of diabetes education program on adolescents’ knowledge and prevention

This study evaluated the effects of a year-long educational program on adolescents’ knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this longitudinal study of 643 Arab adolescents (300 boys, 343 girls; mean age 14.8 ± 1.7 years), baseline education sessions were conducted in schools, focusing on T2DM risk factors, development, and the importance of lifestyle modifications. Educational sessions were held every 3 months by certified endocrinologists and nutritionists. Knowledge about T2DM was assessed using the modified Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center Diabetes knowledge test. A significant increase in T2DM knowledge scores was observed in all participants (40.5 ± 15.2 vs 28.4 ± 15.3, P < .001) after 12 months, with significant improvements for both males and females ( P -values < .001). Girls showed a greater increase in knowledge score than boys ( P < .001). T2DM participants also improved their knowledge scores significantly (45.4 ± 13.9 vs 28.1 ± 14.6, P < .001). After 12 months, 10.3% of participants with normal glycemia transitioned to prediabetes, and 8.3% progressed to T2DM. Among those with prediabetes at baseline, 87.2% achieved normal blood sugar levels, while 55.0% of T2DM participants at baseline reverted to normal. Health education translated to improved knowledge related to T2DM among adolescents, particularly in girls and those with T2DM. Strengthening health education in schools across Saudi Arabia is advisable to raise awareness and prevention of T2DM.