The comparison of inhibitor effects of pentoxifylline and adenosine substances in anastomoses performed on rat carotid arteries on restenosis, neointima development, and smooth muscle cell proliferation

Objectives: Cerebral ischemia and infarct are significant morbidity and mortality reasons at the present time. Therefore, the revascularization to be done before development of infarct may be able to affect the degree of morbidity. Intimal hyperplasia and smooth muscle cell proliferation have a great impact on restenosis which may be developed after vascular interventions. Hence, we have searched and compared the inhibitor effects of pentoxifylline and adenosine substances on restenosis, development of neointima and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the anastomoses performed on rat carotid arteries. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four for Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The right carotid artery was used for anastomosis in all subjects, and the left carotid artery was used for control. After 7 days of treatment, the right and left carotid arteries were removed. Lumen diameter, lumen area, and tunica media thickness were evaluated in tissue biopsy specimens. Results: When both lumen diameters and lumen area were compared between the groups, it was seen that group 4>group 2>group 3>group 1 and the difference was found to be statistically significant ( p = 0.000). However, the difference between the tunica media areas was not found to be statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Although pentoxifylline and adenosine substances used after vascular interventions separately have inhibitor effects on restenosis, development of neointima and smooth muscle cell proliferation, together use of these two substances created a synergic effect, not an additive effect. Conclusion: Concurrent use of pentoxifylline and adenosine as useful agents for prevention of restenosis, intimal hyperplasia, and smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred after vascular interventions can be more effective. Considering this study, it has been concluded that post-anastomosis pentoxifylline and adenosine should be evaluated in restenosis prevention treatment protocols with further experimental studies, which may lead to human-based studies.