Bayesian Network Investigation of Passengers with Disabilities’ Satisfaction with Public Bus Transportation

Public transportation plays a vital role in promoting environmental sustainability and providing convenient transportation for the public. However, individuals with disabilities encounter significant challenges while using public transportation, necessitating an evaluation of their satisfaction levels to address the barriers they face and ensure social equality. Therefore, in this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on people with disabilities using public bus transportation in Istanbul, Türkiye, and Bayesian network (BN) analysis was used to identify the most relevant factors affecting passenger satisfaction. Based on the findings, increasing bus frequency, improving accessibility, and adequacy of spaces designated for passengers with disabilities, and enhancing security measures are recommended. This study’s contribution lies in introducing a BN model to visualize probabilistic reasoning among factors, offering scenarios to reduce dissatisfaction levels, and identifying key factors affecting passenger satisfaction, demonstrating practical implications. In particular, the results provide a framework that can guide policy makers and transportation providers in translating statistical findings into concrete improvements in accessibility, service reliability, and passenger safety, enhancing the real-world travel experiences of people with disabilities.