Economic growth is required for making progress in most of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Energy access and quality education, along with gender equality, are amongst the SDGS and have also been amongst the essential factors to achieve improvement in economic growth. Hence, this research explores the impact of energy poverty alleviation, education quality, and gender equality on per capita GDP across E7 economies for the years of 2000–2024 benefiting from panel econometrics. The panel causality analysis uncovers a bidirectional causality between energy poverty alleviation, gender equality, and economic growth but a bilateral causal nexus from education quality to economic growth. Further, the cointegration coefficients indicate that education quality and gender equality are drivers of economic growth in E7 countries, while energy poverty alleviation is a positive determinant of economic growth in only China, India, and Indonesia.
Sart et al. (Sat,) studied this question.