ABSTRACT Imidacloprid (IMI) is an insecticide used worldwide, and its toxicity raises concerns for nontarget organisms. A photoinduced (PI) flow injection technique is employed for the estimation of IMI with diperiodatocuperate (III) (DPC)–H 2 SO 4 chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. The analysis was based on the IMI irradiation with ultraviolet light, which results in the generation of a fluorophore product and gets excited by the energy from the CL reaction. The effects of physical and chemical parameters such as reagent concentrations, voltage of the photomultiplier tube, length of the photo reactor coil, volume of samples, and flow rate were optimized. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid extraction were employed as phase separation techniques. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.0001–20 mg/L for IMI with the equation of regression: y = 527.44 x + 0.0182 ( R 2 = 0.9999; n = 14) and RSD ( n = 3) 1.5%–2.8% over the range studied. Recoveries were in the range of 95%–101% for commercial samples and 96–110% for water samples. The limit of detection ( S/N = 3 ) was 5 × 10 −5 mg/L and the method achieved an injection throughput of 80 h −1 . The method can estimate IMI in fresh water samples and commercial formulations. Possible CL reaction was also studied.
Ahmed et al. (Thu,) studied this question.