What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to assess coral reef conditions and reef-fish communities to inform sustainable ecotourism in Lihaga Island.

February 2, 2026

Integrating Coral Reef and Reef Fish Community Data to Support Sustainable Ecotourism Management in Lihaga Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Field surveys evaluate coral reefs and fish communities, indicating needs for sustainable tourism management.

This research aims to assess coral reef conditions and reef-fish communities to inform sustainable ecotourism in Lihaga Island.
Conducted field surveys at two marine stations from August to September 2023
Quantified live and dead coral cover, coral life-form composition, and reef-fish abundance
Used underwater visual census and benthic surveys, alongside multivariate analyses
Coral reefs showed moderate condition with 38.58% live coral cover
1,152 reef fishes from 15 families and 72 species were recorded
Findings revealed that higher live coral cover correlates with increased reef-fish diversity
Identified risks like habitat degradation and spatial overlap between tourism and turtle nesting areas

Bawole et al. (2026) studied this question.

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