Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) graft material on the stability and osseointegration of dental implants placed in anatomically compromised bone. Materials and Methods: Six healthy sheep were used following ethical approval. Osteotomies were created in the tibial region and divided into three groups: Group A (control, n = 12) with standard osteotomy; Group B (n = 12) with enlarged and deepened osteotomy; and Group C (n = 36), where osteotomy sites were filled with TTCP prior to implant placement. Implant stability was measured using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and osseointegration was evaluated histologically by bone-to-implant contact percentage (BIC%). Animals were sacrificed at the 3rd and 6th weeks for histological analysis. Results: Initial RFA values exceeded 42.5 in all groups. Group C demonstrated the highest RFA at Week 6 (79) and significantly higher RFA values at Week 3 compared to other groups, while Group B consistently showed the lowest stability. At Week 3, Group A exhibited the highest BIC% (28.04 ± 5.05%). By Week 6, BIC% increased in all groups, with no significant intergroup differences. Robust ANOVA revealed significant effects of time and group on both RFA and BIC%. Conclusions: TTCP significantly enhanced implant stability and osseointegration in compromised bone, providing improved secondary stability and suggesting its potential clinical benefit in challenging anatomical conditions.
Saltan et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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