The Role and Classification of Subordinate Clauses in Arabic Syntax

This article examines the role and classification of subordinate (dependent) clauses in Arabic syntax. Based on classical and modern Arabic linguistic sources, the study analyzes the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features of conditional subordinate clauses. It discusses the approaches of the Basra and Kufa schools, the distinction between jussive (jazm-requiring) and non-jussive conditional particles, as well as real, probable, and unreal (counterfactual) conditional constructions. The article provides insights into the typological characteristics of conditional subordinate clauses, their communicative functions, and highlights challenges in translation and comparative linguistic analysis.