Imaging multilevel exciton transport enabled by correlated electronic states

Exciton transport is a fundamental energy transfer process essential to semiconductor optoelectronic devices, whose full application potential relies critically on achieving precise multilevel control. While correlated electronic states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer unprecedented tunability, probing exciton dynamics within these states has been challenging due to limitations in the spatial and temporal resolution of conventional techniques. Here, we introduce an ultrafast optical imaging approach, integrating femtosecond transient absorption microscopy with a WSe₂ exciton sensor near twisted WS₂ moiré superlattices, achieving 200 fs temporal and 50 nm spatial resolution. Within these moiré systems, the formation of generalized Wigner crystals induces multilevel exciton transport by substantially altering the local dielectric environment, which in turn significantly reduces exciton lifetime and diffusion. Our findings reveal how correlated electronic states regulate exciton dynamics and establish a dynamic control framework with profound implications for next-generation logic computing, photonic interconnects, and optical modulation technologies.