Bragg Coherent Modulation Imaging of Highly Strained Nanocrystals

Bragg coherent diffraction imaging struggles to phase data from nanocrystals exhibiting large strain inhomogeneities, which significantly limits its applicability across many scientific scenarios. Here, we demonstrate the experimental realization of Bragg coherent modulation imaging, an approach that incorporates wavefront modulation into the diffracted beam, enabling unambiguous structure recovery and resolving highly strained crystals. This method provides a more robust tool for three-dimensional lattice strain measurements in nanocrystals.