Comparison of the 5-Year Incidence of Dyslipidemia in the Obese and Nonobese Adult Population: Results of the Yazd Health Study (YaHS)

Background: Dyslipidemia is a disease and conditions associated with obesity, which is a chronic health problem. The study aimed to determine the 5-year incidence of dyslipidemia in obese and nonobese participants in Central Iran. Materials and Methods: Using multistage cluster sampling, 9964 participants aged 20-70 years in Yazd, Iran, were recruited between 2014 and 2015. Those with dyslipidemia were excluded, and nondyslipidemia individuals were included in the study. After a 5-year follow-up, the obese and nonobese participants were evaluated for incident dyslipidemia. We used logistic regression to estimate the 5-year incidence rates of dyslipidemia. Results: During the study’s follow-up, dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 4.4% of participants (n = 355). The increase in the incidence of dyslipidemia in obese women was 86.1% (179 people) more than in obese men, with 32.7% (n = 48). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for dyslipidemia in obese men and women were 1.32 (0.90-1.94) and 2.81 (1.78-4.43). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that obesity was associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia in the participants after adjusting for confounding factors. However, there was no difference in the findings between those under 60 and those over 60. Conclusions: The cohort study indicated that during a 5-year period, obesity was linked to a higher incidence of dyslipidemia in the adult population. Thus, by combining effective policies with obesity prevention initiatives, it is possible to reduce the incidence of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular illnesses, and the mortality associated with these conditions.