This paper presents an integration study for the re- cent power electronic-based fast-frequency response technology, "asynchronous grid connection" which operates as an aggregator for behind-the-meter resources and distributed generators. Both technical feasibility and techno-economic viability studies are presented. The fast-frequency response characteristics, validated against Power Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments, are integrated into an IEEE 9-bus system in DigSilent PowerFactory for system- level dynamic analysis. It demonstrates that droop-based control enhancements to local distributed generators allow their aggre- gation to provide grid-supporting functionalities and participate in the ancillary service markets. To this end, a long-term simu- lation embedding the system within the ancillary service market framework of PJM has been performed. The fast-frequency response regulation is subsequently used to calculate the potential revenue and project the results on a 15-year investment horizon. Finally, the techno-economic analysis provides recommendations for enhancements to access the full potential of distributed generators on a technical and regulatory level.
Wald et al. (Thu,) studied this question.