Biochemical metabolic enhancement acting as a dominant driver in intra-leaf CO2 diffusional response to soil nitrogen supplying in Soybean

Biochemical metabolism and anatomical structure within leaf tissues have been proposed as the two principal mechanisms underpinning the rapid responsiveness of mesophyll conductance ( g m ) to environmental perturbations; nevertheless, empirical evidence distinguishing which of these factors acts as the dominant driver remains scarce. The response of intra-leaf CO 2 diffusion conductance including g m and stomatal conductance ( g sc ) to soil nitrogen (N) change in soybean was systematically quantified in leaf biochemical and structural characteristics. Our data revealed that (i) soil N made a positive effect on intra-leaf CO 2 diffusion and carbon assimilation that g m and A n (net photosynthetic rate) exhibited a significant positive response to increasing N supplying from 7.5 to 15.0 g urea m -2 while g sc showed no significant N-dependence. (ii) The enhanced intra-leaf CO 2 diffusion capacity induced by N application was principally attributable to the increase in g m .(iii) The enhancement of biochemical metabolism rather than the modifications in the leaf anatomical structure constituted the predominant mechanism by which N supplementation facilitated CO 2 diffusion and carbon assimilation in soybean. (iv)Furthermore, the improvement in water use efficiency (WUE) appeared to be more closely linked to aquaporin-mediated water relations, as supported by subsequent correlation analyses.These findings will advance our understanding of the key drivers that shape g m responsiveness to abrupt environmental variations.