Prognostic Value of the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Within One Year After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Aims/Background: The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains high among patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV), an indicator of systemic inflammatory status, has demonstrated prognostic utility across multiple diseases and may serve as an indicator of risk of STEMI patients undergoing PCI. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of PIV for MACE within one year following PCI in patients with acute STEMI. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients diagnosed with acute STEMI who underwent PCI at the Hainan General Hospital between January 2022 and December 2023. Based on the occurrence of MACE within one year post-PCI, patients were categorized into a MACE group (n = 148) and a non-MACE group (n = 52). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing MACE occurrence in STEMI patients following PCI, and the predictive value of PIV was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), red and white blood cell counts, Left Atrium Diameter (LAD), Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameter (LVDd), total protein, albumin, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in age, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and PIV (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age, heart rate, PIV, and LVEF as independent predictors of MACE within one year post-PCI in patients with STEMI (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the predicted area under the curve (AUC) for PIV in predicting the occurrence of MACE was 0.866 (p < 0.001) (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.809–0.922), with a standard error of 0.029, and a Youden index of 0.62. At this threshold, the sensitivity was 77.70%, and the specificity was 84.60%. Conclusion: PIV demonstrates high predictive value for MACE within one year after PCI in patients with STEMI. It may serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing the risk of percutaneous coronary atherosclerosis events in this population. Further multi-center studies are warranted to validate its clinical utility.