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The study examines the Polish and Portuguese bishops' opposition to Vatican II's foreign policy initiatives.

February 2, 2026Open Access

Polish and Portuguese Bishops and the 1971 Synod: criticism of the Vatican’s Ostpolitik and anti-colonial policy

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The study examines the Polish and Portuguese bishops' opposition to Vatican II's foreign policy initiatives.
Analysis of discussions at the 1971 Synod of Bishops
Evaluation of the Vatican’s Ostpolitik and anti-colonial policies
Comparison of opinions from Polish and Portuguese episcopates
Bishops perceived Vatican policies as weakening commitment to the Cold War
Criticism emphasized the diversion from the struggle against communism
Common opposition emerged among bishops against both anti-colonial and Ostpolitik policies

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Bishops challenge Vatican foreign policy during 1971 Synod, indicating concerns over communism.

Madalena Meyer Resende (2024) studied this question.

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