Background: The integration of biomedical engineering principles with digital dentistry technologies particularly in guided systems based on biomaterials, fluid mechanics, and digital signal processing has revolutionized the design and fabrication of dental crowns. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these engineering-driven approaches on the biomechanical performance and biocompatibility of dental crowns. Methods: Using concepts from tissue engineering and solid mechanics, three key quality parameters surface roughness (Ra), mechanical strength (MPa), and durability (cycles to failure) were compared between traditional and digitally guided crowns. Data were analyzed through mathematical modelling (multivariate regression) and finite element analysis (FEA) to predict biomechanical behavior. Milling machine parameters such as spindle speed and tool path were optimized using control engineering principles. Results: The results demonstrated that digitally guided crowns achieved superior outcomes, with mean surface roughness of 0.55 µm (vs. 1.12 µm), strength of 495 MPa, and durability of 10,500 cycles, showing statistically significant improvements (p<0.001). Enhanced stress distribution and higher fatigue resistance were also observed in the guided systems. Conclusion: This study confirms that digitally guided dental fabrication technologies are more consistent with Biocompatibility-by-Design principles, reduce human error, and enhance geometric accuracy representing a key step toward personalized prosthetic treatments. Moreover, these systems have the potential for integration with artificial intelligence and tele-dentistry platforms for long-term performance monitoring.
Bahiraie et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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