Antibiotic Consumption Trends in Urinary Tract Infections: A Study in Two Government Hospitals in South Kalimantan

Introduction: Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to bacterial resistance, underscoring the need to evaluate antibiotic consumption. This study assessed trends in two government hospitals in South Kalimantan and identified antibiotics with the largest deviation between prescribed daily dose (PDD) and defined daily dose (DDD). Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive and analytical, describing and comparing antibiotic consumption in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in two hospitals. A retrospective. The study was conducted at two government hospitals in South Kalimantan. A multicenter study was conducted on adult patients with UTIs (ICD-10: N.39) at Banjarmasin Government Hospital (BGH) and Martapura Government Hospital (MGH) during 2023–2024. Antibiotic consumption was calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) ATC/DDD index and expressed as DDD/100 patient-days. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney and paired sample tests. Results: No significant difference was observed between hospitals ( P = 0.734). At BGH, consumption declined but was not significant ( P = 0.216), while MGH remained stable (85.20 vs. 84.63 DDD/100 patient-days; P = 0.946). Deviations were found for azithromycin at BGH and oral cefixime, both prescribed above the WHO standards. Conclusions: Consumption trends varied between hospitals, yet both showed persistent PDD–DDD deviations, indicating challenges in applying international standards due to local practice and policy differences.