High Temperature Effects on the Engineering Properties of Sandstone

Sandstone has been widely used in historical structures due to its availability, durability, and aesthetic appeal. However, its response to high temperatures remains a critical concern, espe-cially in fire-prone environments. Previous research has extensively examined sandstone deg-radation under thermal stress, yet key aspects such as mineral phase transformations at extreme temperatures and their direct influence on mechanical properties remain insufficiently ex-plored. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of high-temperature effects on sand-stone, focusing on mineralogical changes, porosity evolution, and strength degradation. Unlike previous studies, this research integrates an extensive comparative analysis of various sand-stone types from different geological formations. The results reveal distinct thresholds where mineral decomposition accelerates, particularly beyond 400°C, impacting mechanical stability. These findings contribute to fire-resistant material selection and long-term preservation strate-gies for sandstone-built heritage and geotechnical applications. Additionally, this study offers valuable insights for the engineering community in designing sandstone-based structures capa-ble of withstanding extreme thermal conditions.