Genomic and antigenic evolution of influenza A(H3N2) after the COVID-19 era: a scoping review with focus on J and K subclades and implications for vaccine effectiveness

Key Points

• The review aims to synthesize evidence regarding the genomic and antigenic changes in influenza A(H3N2) post-COVID-19.
• Conducted a scoping review of existing literature
• Focused on antigenic drift variants, especially subclade K
• Assessed implications for vaccine efficacy and public health
• Identified emerging variants of influenza A(H3N2) post-pandemic
• Reported changes could affect vaccine effectiveness
• Highlighted public health preparedness in response to viral evolution