Diagnosis and treatment of failed surgical treatment of carpometacarpal joint arthritis of the thumb

The surgical treatment of carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis of the thumb is widely performed, and provides good pain relief and restoration of function. This condition may be successfully treated using one of many surgical procedures. While the incidence of failure following these procedures is low, potential complications include persistent pain, deformity, and weakness. Identifying the cause of persistent symptoms requires a careful and methodical approach. This review aims to highlight the common reasons for failure, provide a comprehensive discussion of the literature surrounding failed surgical treatment of CMC arthritis of the thumb, and offer a detailed, algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2026;108-B(2):153–159.