Synergistic wetting, achieved by integrating hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, enhances mass transport in porous transport layers. In situ visualization reveals that dual-phase wetting suppresses gas accumulation and promotes continuous bubble release, enabling stable, bubble-free electrolysis within membrane electrode assemblies. This simple yet powerful strategy overcomes transport limitations and advances porous transport layer design for efficient gas/liquid diffusion.
Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.