Optimization of free space optical communication systems using multi-verse optimizer

The performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems is significantly affected by weather conditions and alignment losses between the transmitter and receiver, which can degrade signal quality. These challenges can be mitigated by optimizing key system parameters, particularly the divergence angle, which controls the optical beam’s spread during transmission. In this paper, we present a multi-verse optimizer (MVO) model to identify the optimal divergence angle, enhancing FSO system reliability under adverse conditions. Our approach evaluates the impact of divergence angles on system metrics such as link margin, deviation angle, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We compare the performance of MVO with particle swarm optimization (PSO), demonstrating that MVO achieves an average improvement of 20 %–30 % in link margin across different conditions. Simulation results validate the efficiency of MVO in optimizing FSO systems, identifying configurations that minimize link margin degradation and maximize system robustness. These findings offer actionable insights for designing resilient and efficient FSO communication links, ensuring dependable performance in diverse environmental scenarios.