Phytochemical Characterization, Acute Toxicity and Analgesic Activity of in vitro Regenerated Plantlets Extract of Teucrium polium L. subsp. geyrii Maire in Mice

This study produced in vitro regenerated plantlets (TPRP) from calli obtained from different explants of Teucrium polium L. subsp. geyrii Maire. The phenolic compounds from the mother plant (TPMP), callus (TPC), and TPRP were extracted, and their phytochemical variations were examined. The toxicity of the TPRP was assessed in accordance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 423. The analgesic effect was determined using the acetic acid-induced writhing test. The results indicated that transferring calli to the regeneration medium enabled the formation of new shoots on all the calli derived from explants of apical buds. Culture media enriched with 1.5 and 2 mg/L BAP yielded the best regeneration responses, though the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of flavonoid aglycone extracts from TPMP, TPC, and TPRP showed no significant qualitative difference. However, TPMP contained markedly higher quantitative levels. TPC extracts showed no signs of toxicity, even at a dose of 2 g/kg. The results of the analgesic activity implied that the diethyl ether extract of TPRP was more effective than the hydro-alcoholic extract. The highest protection (90%) was observed with a dose of 500 mg/kg. These findings demonstrate the in vitro regeneration of T. polium L. subsp. geyrii and highlight the bioactive potential of regenerated plantlets, particularly their analgesic properties. The absence of toxicity and significant phytochemical composition suggests that TPRP could serve as a valuable source for therapeutic applications, warranting further pharmacological investigation.