Estimating Earthquake-Induced Pore Water Pressure: Hierarchy of Existing Methods

The prediction of earthquake-induced excess pore water pressure is becoming a crucial step for liquefaction-related problems, such as the prediction of settlements, assessment of bearing capacity of shallow foundations, and efficiency of liquefaction mitigation measurements. The goal of this review is to provide a state of the art of the available methods for estimating excess pore water pressure from the most simplified approaches, based on simple hand-made calculations, to the most simplified models for pore pressure prediction, and finally to the most advanced models implemented in computer codes for seismic site response analysis. The hierarchy of the methods is enriched with exemplificative applications from real cases to help understand the classification provided and the usability of each method according to the needs of the professional practice.