The Anthropogenic Destruction of Wetlands: Exploring the Need for a Legal Framework against “Wetcide”

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that provide critical ecological, social, and economic benefits, yet they are increasingly threatened by human activities, leading to significant loss and degradation. This study explores the anthropogenic destruction of wetlands across India’s 85 Ramsar sites, addressing two primary objectives: (1) assessing the extent of wetland loss and identifying key drivers such as urbanization, agriculture, and industrial development; and (2) examining the ecological impacts of this degradation, including biodiversity loss and disruptions to ecosystem services like water quality and habitat integrity. Through a systematic review of existing literature, the study introduces a novel term, “Wetcide,” defined as the deliberate or reckless destruction of wetlands through human actions such as encroachment, pollution, and mismanagement. Coined in alignment with Ecocide, a term under discussion for legal recognition in the International Criminal Court (ICC), Wetcide underscores the urgency of recognizing and addressing the anthropogenic threats to wetlands. By proposing a formal definition, this research highlights the term's potential to inspire further interdisciplinary scholarship and inform global conservation policies. The findings emphasize the interconnectedness of human activities and ecological health, advocating for sustainable practices and robust legal frameworks to mitigate wetland loss and preserve their indispensable functions for future generations. This research supports multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, notably SDGs 6, 11, 13, 15, and 16, by addressing water-related ecosystems, climate resilience, sustainable urbanization, biodiversity conservation, and institutional strengthening.