The introduction of the fifth generation of wireless communication (5G) is a major evolution in the relationship between humans and the technological environment, with a greater density of infrastructures and a continuous exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This paper focuses on the impact of 5G networks on mental performance and work ability from the ergonomics and safety perspective. A review of controlled human studies and especially the ones using electroencephalography (EEG) has concluded that there is no statistically significant modification of the spontaneous electrical activity of the human brain during acute exposure to 5G signals at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, in healthy subjects. These results suggest simply that exposure at internationally prescribed limits does not produce impairment of basic cognitive functions that are relevant to work ability. However, from an ergonomic point of view, great gaps have been found in the knowledge of the effects of millimeter waves (frequency ranges above 24 GHz) on the neurological system and mental health in the long term. Although current ICNIRP safety standards are effective in protecting against proven thermal effects, the current majority view in the scientific community highlights the importance of implementation of the "precautionary principle" because of possible cumulative biological responses that may impact cognitive integrity and long-term safety of users. The paper concludes that in order to ensure safe human interaction with 5G technology, additional interdisciplinary research into high frequencies and transparent public communication about scientifically grounded risks is required.
Žunjić et al. (2025) studied this question.