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The research aims to explore the thermodynamic aspects of reducing metal oxides in copper converter slag.

February 5, 2026

Thermodynamic principles of the process of reduction of metal oxides in copper industrial converter slags using clinker

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The study demonstrates the reduction of copper converter slag using clinker, suggesting improved processes for waste management.

The research aims to explore the thermodynamic aspects of reducing metal oxides in copper converter slag.
Utilized carbon and metallic iron from clinker as reducing agents.
Conducted experiments to assess reduction reaction rates at varying temperatures.
Focused on the reduction of magnetite to minimize copper loss.
Increased temperature enhances the rate of reduction with solid carbon.
Reduction rates decrease for metallothermic reactions and carbon monoxide as temperature rises.
Slag temperature of 1100 - 1200 °C effectively reduces magnetite.

Ochildiev et al. (2025) studied this question.

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