Not if, but how: an fsQCA perspective on how firms combine internal capabilities to fuel open innovation

Purpose Integrating complementarity and network theories, this study advances an integrative model that explains how perceived management support enhances inbound open innovation outcomes through realized absorptive capacity. The author posits that while internal support systems and external network structures serve as complementary drivers, their synergistic effect depends critically on a firm’s ability to move beyond knowledge acquisition to the assimilation and exploitation of external knowledge. This model clarifies the underlying pathways through which internal support structures and network-enabled knowledge complementarities jointly foster inbound open innovation. Design/methodology/approach The author analyzed survey data from middle- and senior-level managers in the UAE using a multimethod approach. Structural equation modeling tested the core hypothesized relationships, while fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) identified the sufficient configurations of conditions for enhanced inbound open innovation across varying market orientations. Findings The results show that perceived management support does not directly affect inbound open innovation. Instead, realized absorptive capacity fully mediates this relationship, emphasizing its critical role in translating managerial support into innovation outcomes. The fsQCA results further identify multiple equifinal configurations through which firms achieve strong inbound open innovation, contingent upon market orientation profiles. Originality/value This study contributes to knowledge management and open innovation literature by integrating structural and configurational perspectives to explain how internal support mechanisms and knowledge capabilities interact to enhance external knowledge integration. It extends the understanding of absorptive capacity as a strategic conduit through which managerial support is converted into innovation performance. For practitioners, the study offers actionable insights on how to enhance internal learning and absorptive capacity to maximize the benefits of open innovation initiatives under varying market conditions.