Prevalence of Endoparasites in Slaughtered Broiler, Layer, and Local Chickens at Darajani Market, Zanzibar

Endoparasites are a major threat to poultry health and productivity globally and in Tanzania including Zanzibar. A research gap exists on comparative analyses of distinct endoparasite profiles across the local and exotic chicken types. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of endoparasites in broiler, layer, and local chickens at Darajani chicken slaughter market in Zanzibar. The specific objectives were to assess the prevalence, intensity, and types of endoparasites in slaughtered chickens, assess species diversity and, explore links between chicken types and management practices, and provide baseline data to support targeted parasite control strategies for better poultry health, productivity, and food security in Zanzibar. Methods: The cross-sectional study involved a total of ninety fecal samples (using Cochran sample size formula) that were collected and analyzed using flotation and sedimentation methods. Sampling was conducted once a week for one month. Results: Out of ninety fecal samples, the flotation method identified 65 (72.2%) as negative, with Eimeria spp. being the most common parasite identified (12.2%). The sedimentation method proved to be a more efficient diagnostic tool with sensitivity of 83.3% compared to 43.3% for flotation method. Sedimentation method also detected a wider range of parasites. The most prevalent parasite detected by sedimentation was Ascaridia spp (17.8%). A statistical analysis confirmed that while the two methods are related (p-value <0.05), they provide distinct and complementary information. Also, the study revealed a high endoparasite prevalence, with 54 out of 90 fecal samples (60%) testing positive. The study also found significant differences in infection rates among the three types of chickens (p<0.05). Local chickens had the highest prevalence (24.4%), while layers had the lowest (12.2%). This highlights the vulnerability of local chickens, due to their free-range management system, and underscores the protective benefits of the more controlled environment used for layers. Conclusion and recommendation: The study concluded that local chickens were vulnerable because their free-range system exposes them to parasites in contaminated environments. Sedimentation method proved to be a superior diagnostic tool with higher sensitivity than flotation method and detected a wider range of parasites. It is recommended for public health officials in Zanzibar to create a targeted parasite control program to improve both animal health and food safety.