This study examines the extent and implications of skills mismatch between employer expectations and graduate competencies in the context of Bangladesh. Using a structured quantitative approach, data were collected from 85 employers across various industries through a survey instrument that assessed the importance of key employability skills and graduates’ proficiency levels. Findings revealed significant gaps, particularly in analytical thinking, problem-solving, technical competence, critical thinking, and interpersonal skills, with an average skills mismatch of 60.78%. Paired sample t-test confirmed the mismatch as highly significant ( p < 0.05). Comparative analysis with international contexts indicates similarities with global trends where rapidly evolving industries outpace educational curricula. However, distinct regional challenges in Bangladesh, including outdated teaching methods, limited industry-academia collaboration, and cultural undervaluation of vocational education, intensify the problem. Recommendations emphasize curriculum modernization, vocational training enhancement, and strengthening industry-education partnerships. Adapting successful international practices, such as Germany’s dual education model, could effectively reduce these gaps. Ultimately, addressing the identified mismatch will significantly improve graduate employability and contribute positively to sustainable economic development.
Hridoy et al. (2026) studied this question.