This review discusses immunotherapy effectiveness and resistance mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting future research directions.
Future research is crucial to determine the optimal setting for treatment with immunological checkpoint inhibitors further new prognostic biomarkers. This review discusses both completed and ongoing clinical trials with PD-1/PDL-1 and new checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapies. It also addresses mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, potential therapeutic strategies to overcome this resistance, biomarkers and side effects.
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Vitale et al. (2026) studied this question.
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