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Upper-face botulinum toxin treatment alters anger and surprise emotion recognition while preserving positive signals.
Upper-face BoNT-A leads to a temporary, anatomically aligned, and emotion-specific attenuation of anger and surprise attribution while preserving pleasant and neutral emotional signaling. Importantly, no evidence of a global "frozen face" appearance emerged. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating facial emotional expression into pre-treatment assessment and using precise, region-specific neuromodulation to align aesthetic outcomes with individual patient intentions.
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Eilert et al. (2026) studied this question.
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