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The study aims to analyze the botanical and illustrated sections of the Voynich Manuscript to determine its geographical origins.

February 6, 2026Open Access

A Morphological Analysis of the Voynich Manuscript's Botanical and Illustrated Sections: Evidence for Northern Italian Origin

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The study aims to analyze the botanical and illustrated sections of the Voynich Manuscript to determine its geographical origins.
Conducted a morphological analysis of 79 folios in the manuscript.
Used diagnostic feature analysis and compared findings with medieval herbals.
Identified 34 plant species, with 23 having high identification confidence.
Performed geographic distribution analysis to assess species origins.
Found no anachronistic New World plants, confirming all identified species were from the Old World.
Identified distinctive Alpine-Mediterranean species overlap pattern indicating Northern Italian origin.
Confirmed findings were consistent with the radiocarbon dating of 1404-1438 CE.

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This analysis identifies botanical origins in the Voynich Manuscript, suggesting Northern Italian roots.

Matthew Owens (2026) studied this question.

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