Limits of Physical Laws under a Seven-Dimensional Reference Framework: Thermodynamics and the Mpemba Effect

This paper examines the applicability limits of physical laws when the phenomena under consideration approach the boundaries of human cognition. Starting from the premise that physical laws are formulated through human perceptual and conceptual frameworks, the paper introduces a seven-dimensional reference framework to analyze the conditions under which physical quantities such as space, time, velocity, and temperature retain or lose their descriptive meaning. Through discussions of classical mechanics, thermodynamics, and the Mpemba effect, the paper argues that many so-called physical paradoxes do not arise from violations of established laws or deficiencies in microscopic models, but from the application of these models beyond their epistemological domains of validity. The Mpemba effect is reinterpreted as a consistent manifestation of boundary behavior within this broader framework, rather than as an anomaly requiring ad hoc explanations. The approach does not aim to replace existing physical theories, but to situate them within a wider epistemological context, clarifying the distinction between physical mechanisms and the conditions under which such mechanisms can be meaningfully described