What question did this study set out to answer?

To validate the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale (EGSS) as a tool for assessing non-specific emotional responses linked to PTSD symptoms.

February 8, 2026Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy0 citations

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Validation of the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale among veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

APAlexander A. PuhallaCoatesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center RGRichard GilmanProtein Metrics (United States)KCKathleen M. ChardVeterans Health Administration

Key Points

To validate the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale (EGSS) as a tool for assessing non-specific emotional responses linked to PTSD symptoms.
Used a single veteran sample to validate the EGSS
Examined its psychometric properties
Identified emotional barriers to PTSD recovery
EGSS showed promise as a reliable measure of embarrassment, guilt, and shame
Identified specific emotional barriers affecting treatment planning
Need for further research with diverse populations to confirm findings

Abstract

The EGSS shows promise as a psychometrically sound measure that assesses three distinct NSEs linked to PTSD symptoms. It also offers promise for improving treatment planning by identifying emotional barriers to recovery. However, findings are based on a single veteran sample. Replications with more diverse populations are necessary to strengthen the generalizability and reliability of the EGSS across psychiatric conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

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Validation of the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale among veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Key Points

Abstract

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