ABSTRACT Current research on smart cities focuses on the use of artificial intelligence and big data because smart cities require data—smart city projects ultimately combine data collected from multiple sectors to provide smart services. In this regard, the use of facial recognition technology (FRT) is a common urban technology and a convenient tool to collect data in smart cities for various purposes, including security monitoring, traffic management cameras, access permit systems, and automated fare payment. The use of FRT may require automated biometric identification in public spaces, and the question arises as to how different legal jurisdictions would regulate such cases. In this article, we compare the regulations of three jurisdictions in the European Union, Japan, and China to explore the social and political contexts behind the regulatory differences in handling personal information obtained from FRT use.
Wang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.