Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis. The latest insights into a diverse array of pathogenic factors in acne have paved the way for the development of new molecules for acne treatment. These new agents focus on different targets intricately linked to acne pathogenesis. This review focuses on the latest topical treatments for acne that have received approval, as well as those that are currently undergoing clinical trials. Among the new drugs, trifarotene, a fourth-generation retinoid, which is available in India, has the advantage of superior tolerability compared to existing topical retinoids. Similarly, the first topical antiandrogen, Clascoterone, marks a significant breakthrough by specifically targeting hormonal factors contributing to acne. The development and availability of newer formulations of old molecules such as tazarotene, tretinoin, and new fixed drug combinations with better safety and efficacy, is a welcome addition in the topical anti-acne basket for a dermatologist. Numerous clinical trials are exploring novel anti-acne agents which target insulin-like growth factor 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, and melanocortin receptor 5. Furthermore, other agents, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and cannabinoids, are also in the trial phase for acne therapy. All these new additions can help update the treatment algorithms of acne management with less dependence on systemic therapy and oral antibiotics.
Bains et al. (Fri,) studied this question.