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February 9, 2026PLoS ONEOpen Access

Exploring the influence of COVID-19 stress on mental health among international undergraduate and graduate students: A mixed-methods approach

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Authors

CRChinyere N. ReidUniversity of South FloridaWSWilliam P. SaccoUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillASAbraham Salinas‐MirandaUniversity of South Florida

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Implication

Cross-sectional survey explores COVID-19 stress effects on anxiety and depression in international students, suggesting a need for targeted mental health support.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 stress on mental health among international undergraduate and graduate students in the US.
  • Conducted a cross-sectional online survey with 219 international students.
  • Utilized validated psychometric scales to assess anxiety, depression, and stress levels.
  • Employed path analysis to examine the moderating effect of education level on stress-related mental health outcomes.
  • Applied thematic analysis to identify major COVID-19-related stressors affecting students' mental health.
  • COVID-19 stress is significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression in students.
  • Education level moderates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and anxiety but not depression.
  • Key stressors identified include academic performance, financial difficulties, travel constraints, social isolation, and grief.

Cite This Study

Reid et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69897996f0ec2af6756e75e4https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336446
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Achieving Integration in Mixed Methods Designs—Principles and Practices2013 · 5,772 citations
  2. 2A Global Measure of Perceived Stress1983 · 33,299 citations
  3. 3Evaluating the mental health of international students in the U.S. during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of University of Florida2023 · 26 citations
  4. 4Aspects of Acculturation Stress among International Students Attending a University in the USA2008 · 61 citations