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February 9, 2026The Astronomical Journal2 citationsOpen Access

The Milky Way Bulge Extratidal Star Survey: NGC 6569

JHJoanne HughesAKAndrea KunderAWAndrew A. West

Key Points

  • To investigate the tidal debris associated with the bulge globular cluster NGC 6569 using spectroscopic data.
  • Conducted spectroscopic observations using the Anglo-Australian Telescope with medium-resolution spectra
  • Selected star targets based on Blanco DECam Bulge Survey photometry and Gaia DR3 astrometry
  • Identified 40 stars with chemical and kinematic properties suggesting potential cluster membership
  • Found evidence of tidal debris indicating active star loss from NGC 6569
  • Identified seven candidate stars with high signal-to-noise ratios and distinct chemical properties
  • Estimated a star loss rate of 1.0–1.6 solar masses per million years, equating to about 5.6% of the cluster's mass per billion years

Abstract

Abstract We present spectroscopic evidence for tidal debris associated with the bulge globular cluster NGC 6569, based on medium-resolution ( R ∼ 11,000) spectra of 303 stars obtained with the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Targets were selected using Blanco DECam Bulge Survey photometry with Gaia DR3 astrometry, and span ∼ 7 ′ – 3 0 ′ (i.e., 1–5 r t , where r t is the King-model tidal radius) from the cluster center. Theoretical modeling shows that the Jacobi radii can vary between 8 ′ – 1 1 ′ and 1 8 ′ – 2 2 ′ over the orbit, likely leaving stars around the cluster that are transitioning into the predicted leading and lagging tidal tails. We identify 40 stars in this sample that exhibit chemical and kinematic properties consistent with previous, or borderline, cluster membership. The seven best candidates have S/N > 30, with Fe/H = –0.83 ± 0.14 dex and α /Fe = +0.38 ± 0.06 dex, consistent with NGC 6569’s bound population. Our findings provide evidence that NGC 6569 is actively losing stars through tidal stripping, contributing to the bulge field population at a present rate of 1.0–1.6 M ⊙ Myr −1 , which corresponds to ≈5.6% ± 1.3% of its present-day mass per Gyr. This work is part of the Milky Way Bulge Extra-Tidal Star Survey and represents our first detailed study of a massive bulge globular cluster in this context.

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Cite This Study

Hughes et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698979a6f0ec2af6756e7812https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae32f7
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