Propagation of Pulsed Acoustic Waves in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere. Part 1. Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of the Atmosphere on the Transformation of Acoustic Pulses

An overview of the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the propagation of acoustic waves in the boundary layer of the atmosphere created by pulsed point sources of various nature is presented. The influence of molecular kinetic mechanisms of sound dispersion, thermal conductivity and viscosity, atmospheric turbulence and temperature inversion, atmospheric aerosols and wind in the surface layer of the atmosphere on the expansion of the front region and the shape change of acoustic signals propagating in it is considered. The necessity of searching for a mechanism that causes the expansion of the front region of the wave according to the law of energy similarity is shown.