Eruption of Shiveluch and Klyuchevskaya Volcanoes in 1993 and Their Impact on the Environment

The paper presents a detailed description of the eruptions of two gigantic Kamchatkan volcanoes that took place in 1993. Directed blasts, pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash falls and the interaction between lava and pyroclastic flows and glaciers were observed during these eruptions. The data reported are concerned with growth of an andesitic dome, the volume of ash ejected from Shiveluch and the volume of basaltic-andesite magma which poured out from Klyuchevskaya. Effects of both kinds of eruption were studied. It is inferred that Shiveluch and Klyuchevskaya influence the environment in different ways and are of different degrees of hazard to the populations around them since they differ in composition of volcanic products and the style of their eruptions.