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February 9, 2026

Local authority variation in school-recorded special educational needs and disability provision in Year 1 among children born in England, 2003-13.

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The aim is to examine disparities in special educational needs and disability provision at the local authority level in England.
Utilized linked hospital-primary school records (ECHILD) to create a cohort of 3,729,265 children.
Defined local authority-level SEND provision at Year 1 for analysis.
Compared single-level and multilevel logistic models to assess variations.
Adjusted for individual-level sociodemographic and health indicators, and school governance.
Incorporated local authority characteristics in further multilevel models.
Found 2.0% to 5.8% unexplained variation in SEND support and EHCPs across local authorities.
Adding LA-level income deprivation reduced variance for EHCPs by 14%-24%.
Less than 6% of differences in recorded SEND provision between 2009/10 and 2018/19 were linked to LA context.

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Analysis of local authority variations in recorded SEND provision among children in Year 1 highlights significant inequities.

Lewis et al. (2025) studied this question.

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