Identification of Novel Mutation in the ABCA12 Gene Causing Harlequin Ichthyosis

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is an uncommon and extremely severe hereditary condition that primarily affects the skin. Infants born with this disorder display dense skin and prominent diamond‐shaped plates that cover a significant portion of their bodies. Infants with this disease have difficulty regulating body temperature and maintaining hydration, leading to respiratory failure and feeding problems, making them more vulnerable to infections. Most patients die shortly after birth because of these clinical symptoms. Scientific evidence has shown that a mutation in the ABCA12 gene is the principal underlying cause of HI. Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified a novel mutation in an Iranian infant with HI. This case presented with characteristic cutaneous manifestations, leading to the discovery of a novel homozygous mutation in the ABCA12 gene. This specific mutation [c.4702_4706del, p.(Leu1568IlefsTer5)] has not been reported in any other cases of harlequin ichthyosis and was detected in a heterozygous state in asymptomatic parents. The insights gained from analyzing this family enhance our understanding of the disease's molecular origin, aid in carrier identification, support genetic counseling, and emphasize the importance of prenatal genetic screening for families with a history of HI.